On November 17, 2009, Incard announced its new Mokard machine-to-machine (M2M) cellular-communication smart-card family. M2M cellular-communications technology extends the penetration of SIM cards to billions of machines, enabling those machines to connect to cellular networks, authenticate themselves, and communicate automatically for various remote reporting, monitoring and control applications. Incard's Mokard M2M family includes four products with different memory densities. Each product comprises a (U)SIM chip that has been specially developed to sustain the extreme environmental conditions expected in industrial M2M applications, including improved data retention and endurance with respect to a typical SIM chip. The new Mokard series implements the Java operating system, which allows the development of such specific M2M capabilities as secure data logging and alarm triggering, together with a wealth of similar secure functions. The Java OS runs on top of STMicroelectronics' ST32-M M2M smart-card-processor chips, which have been designed specifically for M2M applications. These specialist processors combine high-reliability embedded non-volatile Flash memory and the high-performance and low-power capabilities of the ARM Cortex-M3 processor core. Offering an operating temperature range of -40 degrees C to +105 degrees C, crucial for demanding industrial and automotive applications, the Mokard M2M family also implements advanced software techniques to support many more data-writing cycles (up to two million write/erase cycles) than standard SIM controllers. The family also offers continuous operation over an extended lifetime, storing data reliably for 10 years at +105 degrees C.